Honey Bee Vol 11

Trigonella foenum- graecum leaves and Musa sapientum fruits; Coriandrum

sativum leaves and Musa sapientum fruits; leaves of Vitex negundo and

Trigonella foenum- graecum with Musa sapientum fruits;

fruits of Aegle marmelos and leaves of Cassia auriculata- to control FMD 23

Using Animal residues and Plant parts together

Mainly fish, including fish washings and other animal residues are used alone or in conjunction with plants for curing FMD. Dead animal carcass washing when poured over the infected hooves and sprinkled over the feeding stall controls the disease prevalent in irrigated areas 24 . People in Central Gujarat place scales of fish in the manger, burn fish scales once the disease spreads out 25 and spray the water in which dried fish had been soaked in the cattleyard 26 . Fresh milk is poured between the diseased hooves 27 ; left over water after soaking dried fish is applied on hooves 28 and smoke of burnt fish 29 is supposed to protect animals from FMD.In a unique practice, smoke from burnt spines of dead Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus) is believed to cure animals suffering from FMD, when exposed 30 to it. Application of ash of burnt leather mixed with equal amount of groundnut or sesame oil on the affected hoof 31 ; fumigation of cattle-yard and affected animals by burning leaves of Azadirachta indica, rhizome of Curcuma longa and dried fish waste 32 are also reported to heal the diseased animals.

Use of other Local Materials

Besides residues from the living animals and plant parts, some locally available materials are also used for curing FMD. Wine poured on the blisters 33 ; application of salt solution on the ulcers inside the mouth and between the affected hooves 34 ; jaggery rubbed inside the mouth of affected animals 35 ; lime water 36 or kerosene37 poured between the hooves; affected parts washed with alum solution 38 and migation by burning discarded outer covering of horse’s hoove 39 have been advocated to prevent/cure Sometimes diseased animals are made walk on hot sand 40 or paste made bark of Acacia nilotica applied affected hooves or roasted fruit Euphorbia spp. with alum applied body parts afflicted with an internal wound 41 for curative purposes.

Managing FMD through institutional innovations

Institutional solutions either alone in conjunction with technological practices help communities in not controlling FMD but also prevent it from spreading. In Bhutan, people appoint guards outside village, on main entry routes, FMD breaks out. These guards supposed to warn the caretakers the passing by herds about infection utbreak in the village advice them not to enter the village (Gupta and Karma Ura, 1992).In Sembalpani village of North Gujarat, local community hang leaves outside the house of those have infected animals to indicate for quarantine. They have also evolved some rules for the same. When one or two animals are infected, diseased animals are confined cattleshed. When several animals infected and stall-feeding becomes impractical, farmers decide on particular area of the forest common place for drinking water infected animals. When majority the animals in the village are nfected then arrangements are made to informall neighbouring villages. Care is taken to ensure that infected animalsdo not visit the grazing land at same time when healthy animals in the village as well as outside. There are many other ways quarantine followed by farmers prevent diffusion of infection FMD affected animals to others. Assumption always is that such behaviour will be reciprocated others.

Homeopathy for treatment of FMD

Homeopathy, considered to be one of safest methods of animal treatment, effective in controlling FMD through external application and oral feed. NAT MUR 30C and MERC SOL 200C are both given to cure foot sore and BORAX 30C mouth sore. IMAX ointment applied on the sores externally to prevent and worms from entering the wound. KALI IODATUM 200 is fed primarily prevent the disease and ARIOLIRUM is used as paxoral vaccine 42 Review of both preventive and curative traditional measures for FMD provides powerful context to formulate integrated management of FMD (Dora, 1984). Seventeenth Conference on Foot Mouth Disease held in Paris (1986) suggested the use of vaccines prepared genetic engineering for FMD control. Comments given by Technical Committee Livestock and Veterinary science, Gujarat Agricultural University seems provide the scientific justification in most cases of the traditional practices. functionality of traditional technology eason enough to warrant scientific attention and trial that might provide effective ways of dealing with this dreaded disease affecting thousands of animals every year in different parts of the world.

Referencess

Chaturbhai Patel, Surendranagar, Comm:

Kirit K Patel, HB2(1):20,1991

Manibhai Bhagore, Sabarkantha, Comm:

Thakore Ramsinh, HB2(1):20,1991

Dahyabhai Makwana, Panchmahal, Comm:

Subhas V Parmar, HB3(2):20,1992

Jadav Rambhai Keshabhai, Kheda, Comm:

Padhiyar Ramji M, HB3(2):21,1992

Mosubhai Sonubhai, Dang, Comm: Ratilal

R Ganvit, HB3(2):21,1992

Comm: Pramod K Jain, HB5(2):13,1994

Gambhirbhai S Vasava, Baruch, Comm:

Sukabhai S Vasava, HB8(1):11,1997

Dharambhai Mugdabhai Damor,

Banaskantha, HB10(1):15,1999

Ravjibhai Somabhai, Bhavnagar, Comm:

Dhandhalya Bhargav, HB4(1):13,1993

Periya Mattu Vadagam, HB5(2): 13, 1994

Rest of the references shall be carried in

the next issue.