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| Sociology of Stress: Why do Common Property Resource Management Projects Fail ? - A Case Study on Pasture Land Development through World Bank Project in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
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Reference |
| Gupta, Anil K:" Sociology of Stress: Why do Common Property Resource Management Projects Fail ?" : Centre of Management in Agriculture, IIM: Ahmedabad (Summer school-Programme material) |
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Introduction to the Institution |
| Under a World Bank project for development of drought prone areas, 100 hectare sheep and pasture development plots were established in 1974 in Jodhpur dist.Thje key objectives was the organization of a cooperative of the weaker sections of sheep breeders.This place had a livestock population of 1.89 million in 1971.The mean rainfall ranges from 425 mm in the southeast to about 200 mm in the northwest.Traditionally, the private fallow lands were also treated as common land, but cultivators have begun objecting to the use of their fallow lands by other pastoralists.Initially the most degraded land was selected for improvement.It was expected that after the full development of the plots, a maximum of 400 sheep could be maintained on a year round basis in each plot.One of the first pasture plots established on degraded auran lands in Bhawad village was selected for a detailed study.In these lands, grazing was restricted,People restrained from using auran land for any individual purposes because the land was dedicated to various gods and goddesses respected in the region; the use of any water source was also restricted
The soils here are shallow, poorly drained, saline and alkaline in nature with very low organic matter.Because of excessive grazing pressure, coarse grasses as Aristida spp. and herbs, Techrosis spp. are dominant in the area |
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Rules for Management
of the Institution |
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(a) Boundary Rules |
| Spatial:
Social:A member of a sheep and pasture development project was required to be a resident of that village and to be a sheep breeder.His application had to be approved by the majority of the management committee, and he should purchase atleast one share.A preference was given to small, marginal farmers and agricultural labourers, a return of 25 percent was assured to every shareholder.Individual members provided a sheep in lieu of the share capital so that they would have greater attachment to the project
The shep and wool deptt. of the state govt. had appointed stockmen at each plot to take care of the health of the animals and to protect against unauthorized intrusions |
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(b) Governance
rules |
| The president of the management committee of the pasture plot, who is one of the richest person of the area, was also the village headman, vice president of the dairy co-operative, and exercised influence over almost every other social activity.He belonged to the Rajput caste, which dominates the panchayat
The management group, composed of three govt. representatives and four members of the society, was supposed to be representative of and accountable to all the members |
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Problems Faced by Institution |
| a)Because of lower socioeconomic status of the sheep breeders, most of the grazing facilities are utilized by the cattle breeders in the community grazing lands.Sheep population is forced to the rocky and the most unproductive areas.In such a situation, it is very difficult to teach the whole of the village people to offer their community grazing land for sheep pastures
b)As a result of frequent droughts, excessive grazing, unpalatable shrubs have come to dominate the plots and reduced the grazing potential
c)Since govt. wasn't sure of continuing its scheme members of the society were reluctant to use their sheep as share capital on the plot
d)The plots had a better grass cover compared with the adjoining community lands but the fences were broken and frequent conflicts ensued between owners of plot and villagers
e)Because of the frequent transfer of village extension workers in charge of the plots, the management problems already prevalent became more worser |
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Purpose |
| Development of drought prone area |
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Country |
| India (Jodhpur) |
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Region |
| Vill:Bhawad |
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Date Of Publication |
| RS-9/04/96 |
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